The Ubwa mbere(1), shingiro kugusesengura kubisobanuroKuri Kugenzura
UwitekaUbucukuzi,bizwi kandi nk'imashini zicukura (imashini zicukura), zizwi kandi nka excavator, ni imashini igenda ku isi ikoresha indobo mu gucukura ibikoresho hejuru cyangwa munsi y’ubutaka bwabyo hanyuma ikabishyira mu modoka itwara abantu cyangwa ikabipakurura mu bubiko.
Ibikoresho byacukuwe na moteri ni cyane cyane ubutaka, amakara, sili, ubutaka nigitare nyuma yo kurekura.Urebye iterambere ryimashini zubaka mumyaka yashize, iterambere ryimashini ryihuta cyane, kandi nabacukuzi babaye imwe mumashini yingenzi mubwubatsi.Ibice bitatu byingenzi byubucukuzi: uburemere bwimikorere (misa), moteri ya moteri nindobo, ubushobozi bwindobo.
Uwitekaumutware, nkuko izina risobanura "gupakira", imikorere yaryo ni ugupakira ubutaka ku gikamyo, umucukuzi ashobora no kubikora ariko ntibibe byiza nkumutwaro, bulldozing ni uruhande rwumutwaro, kandi uwabitwaye afite ibiziga, bityo Irashobora kwiruka mumuhanda, Excavator, bulldozers nubundi bwoko bwikurura zishobora gutwarwa gusa na romoruki kugirango yimure ahakorerwa, kubwibyo rero muri rusange hari ibisabwa byihariye kuri sisitemu yo gutwara ibinyabiziga., imashini zubaka isi namabuye kubikorwa byubwubatsi nkibyambu na mine.
The Icya kabiri(2),shingiro kumu buryokugenzura
Ubucukuzi: Ibikoresho bisanzwe bicukura birimo uruganda rukora amashanyarazi, ibikoresho bikora, uburyo bwo guswera, uburyo bwo gukora, uburyo bwo kohereza, uburyo bwo kugenda n’ibikoresho bifasha, n'ibindi. hydraulic pompe kubice byo gukora kugirango basunike igikoresho gikora kugirango barangize imirimo itandukanye.
Umutwaro: harimo moteri, guhinduranya torque, garebox, imbere ninyuma yimodoka, ivugwa nkibice bine byingenzi.
UwitekaIcya gatatu(3), shingiro ku mikorere yo kugenzura
Ubucukuzi: Ibikoresho byacukuwe ni cyane cyane ubutaka, amakara, sili, ubutaka nigitare nyuma yubusa.Urebye iterambere ryimashini zubaka mumyaka yashize, iterambere ryimashini ryihuta cyane, kandi nabacukuzi babaye imwe mumashini yingenzi mubwubatsi.
Umutwaro: Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gusuka, gupakira, gupakurura, kwimura isi n'ibikoresho byinshi nk'amabuye.Irashobora kandi gukora ibikorwa byogosha byoroheje kubutare nubutaka bukomeye.Niba uhinduye ibikoresho bitandukanye bikora, urashobora kandi kurangiza imirimo ya bulldozing, guterura, gupakira no gupakurura ibindi bikoresho.Mu iyubakwa ry'imihanda, ikoreshwa cyane cyane mukuzuza no gucukura inganda zubatswe kumuhanda, guteranya no gupakira asfalt na sima ya beto.
Icya kane(4), shingiro kuitandukanyirizo ritandukanijwe nicyitegererezoKuri Kugenzura
Ubucukuzi: bushobora kugabanywa mu bucukuzi bunini, ubucukuzi buciriritse, bucukuzi buto, imashini zikurura, imashini zipima ibimuga, imashini zikoresha hydraulic, imashini zicukura, imashini zicukura amabuye y'agaciro, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, ubucukuzi bwo mu nyanja, imashini zidasanzwe, n'ibindi byiciro bitandukanye.
Abatwara: Ukurikije imbaraga za moteri, barashobora kugabanywamo imitwaro mito, imizigo iciriritse hamwe nini nini.
Ibyiciro byabacukuzi
Ubucukuzi bushobora kugabanywamo amasuka y'imbere, gusubira inyuma, gukurura imirongo no gufata amasuka.Amasuka y'imbere akoreshwa cyane mu gucukura ibikoresho hejuru yubuso, naho inzu yinyuma ikoreshwa cyane mugucukura ibikoresho munsi yubutaka.
Inyuma Yinyuma Nibisanzwe twabonye, hamwe inyuma-hasi, gukata ku gahato.Irashobora gukoreshwa mubucukuzi munsi yo guhagarika akazi.Uburyo bwibanze bwibikorwa ni: gucukura umwobo wanyuma, gucukura kuruhande, gucukura umurongo ugororotse, gucukumbura kugoramye, gucukura ufite inguni runaka, gucukura umwobo mwinshi cyane no gucukura imyobo.
Imashini icukura imbere
Igikorwa cyibikorwa byamasuka yimbere yimbere.Ibiranga ni "imbere no hejuru, guca ubutaka ku gahato".Isuka y'imbere ifite imbaraga nini zo gucukura kandi irashobora gucukura ubutaka hejuru yubutaka.Birakwiye gucukurwa ibyobo byumye bifite uburebure burenga 2m, ariko hejuru no hepfo hagomba gushyirwaho.Indobo y'isuka y'imbere nini kuruta iyo gucukura inyuma yinyuma ihwanye nayo, kandi irashobora gucukura ibikoresho birimo amazi atarenze 27%.
Ikamyo yajugunywe ikorana kugirango irangize ibikorwa byose byo gucukura no gutwara abantu, kandi irashobora no gucukura ibyobo binini byumye byumye.Uburyo bwo gucukura amasuka y'imbere bushingiye ku itandukaniro riri hagati yinzira yo gucukura nu mwanya ugereranije n’imodoka itwara.Hariho uburyo bubiri bwo gucukura no gupakurura: gucukura imbere no gupakurura impande;gucukura imbere no guhindukira Gukuramo ubutaka.
Umurongoimashini
Imirongo ikurura nayo yitwa gukurura-imirongo.Ibiranga ubucukuzi bwayo ni: “gusubira inyuma no hasi, gutema ubutaka munsi yuburemere bwabwo”.Birakwiye gucukurwa kubutaka bwa I na II munsi yubutaka.Iyo ukora, indobo yajugunywe hanze nimbaraga zidafite imbaraga, kandi intera yo gucukura ni nini cyane, kandi radiyo yo gucukura hamwe nubujyakuzimu ni nini, ariko ntabwo byoroshye kandi byukuri nkurugo rwinyuma.Cyane cyane kibereye gucukura ibyobo binini kandi byimbitse cyangwa gucukura amazi.
Umutwareni ubwoko bwimashini zubaka amabuye zikoreshwa cyane mumihanda, gari ya moshi, ubwubatsi, amashanyarazi, icyambu, ikirombe nindi mishinga yubwubatsi.Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gusuka ibikoresho byinshi nkubutaka, umucanga, lime, amakara, nibindi, ubutaka bukomeye, nibindi byo gucukura amasuka yoroheje.Irashobora kandi gukora bulldozing, guterura no gupakira no gupakurura ibindi bikoresho nkibiti muguhindura ibikoresho bitandukanye byubufasha.Mu mihanda, cyane cyane mu iyubakwa ry’imihanda yo mu rwego rwo hejuru, abatwara imizigo bakoreshwa mu kuzuza no gucukura amabuye y’imihanda, guteranya no gupakira imvange ya asfalt hamwe na sima ya beto.Byongeye kandi, irashobora kandi gukora ibikorwa nko gusunika ubutaka, gusiba hasi no gukurura izindi mashini.Kuberako umutwaro afite ibyiza byo kwihuta gukora, gukora neza, kuyobora neza, no gukora byoroshye, byahindutse bumwe muburyo bwingenzi bwubaka isi mubwubatsi.
UwitekaIcya gatanu(5), shingiro kuGutandukanya na PorogaramuKuri Kugenzura
Ubucukuzi: Gucukumbura ni imodoka yubuhanga ikoreshwa mu gucukura cyangwa kwimura ibintu binini.
Umutwaro: Umuzigo akoreshwa cyane cyane mu gusuka, gupakira, gupakurura, kwimura isi n’ibikoresho byinshi nkamabuye, kandi birashobora no gukora ibikorwa byo gutobora urumuri ku rutare nubutaka bukomeye.Niba uhinduye ibikoresho bitandukanye bikora, urashobora kandi kurangiza imirimo ya bulldozing, guterura, gupakira no gupakurura ibindi bikoresho.Mu iyubakwa ry'imihanda, ikoreshwa cyane cyane mukuzuza no gucukura inganda zubatswe kumuhanda, guteranya no gupakira asfalt na sima ya beto.
UwitekaIcya gatandatu(6), shingiro kuibice nyamukuruKuri Kugenzura
Ubucukuzi: Ubucukuzi busanzwe burimo urugomero rw'amashanyarazi, ibikoresho bikora, uburyo bwo guswera, uburyo bwa manipulation, uburyo bwo kohereza, uburyo bwo kugenda n'ibikoresho bifasha.Ibice byingenzi bigize chassis ya excavator ni: kuzunguruka, kudakora, amasoko, gutwara amenyo, inkweto zikurikirana, hamwe ninteko ya gari ya moshi.
Umutwaro: harimo moteri, guhinduranya torque, garebox, imbere ninyuma yimodoka, ivugwa nkibice bine byingenzi.
Akazi karatandukanye.Imizigo ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gusasa ibikoresho byinshi nk'ubutaka, umucanga, lime, amakara, n'ibindi. Ubucukuzi bukoresha indobo mu gucukura ibikoresho hejuru cyangwa munsi y’imashini, hanyuma bikabishyira mu modoka itwara cyangwa gupakurura isi -imura imashini kububiko.Ibikoresho byacukuwe ni ubutaka, amakara, sili, ubutaka nigitare nyuma yo gufungurwa.Imiterere n'ihame nabyo biratandukanye cyane.
Ubucukuzi, bwagenewe umwihariko wo gucukura, ariko burashobora gutwarwa
Umushoferi yagenewe umwihariko wo gupakira.Ntishobora gukoreshwa mu gucukura.Imizigo ya excavator ntabwo yihuta nkuwayitwaye.
Ubucukuzi bukora munsi yubutaka, mugihe forklifts ikora hejuru yubutaka.Gucukumbura bifite imikorere ikomeye yo kunyura kandi birakwiriye ahantu ibinyabiziga bidashobora kugenda nka mine.Forklift irashobora gukoreshwa cyane kandi irashobora kuzenguruka mumuhanda.
Imashini icukura imashini ikoresha isi ikoresha indobo mu gucukura ibikoresho hejuru cyangwa munsi yubuso bwimashini, hanyuma ikabishyira mumodoka itwara cyangwa ikabipakurura mububiko.Ubucukuzi ni bumwe mu bwoko bwingenzi bwimashini zubaka mubwubatsi.Zikoreshwa cyane mu gucukura inyubako n’ishingiro ry’amahugurwa, gucukura ibikoresho byubutaka, kwiyambura imirima iremereye, kariyeri, tunel, amahugurwa yo mu kuzimu hamwe n’ububiko.Mugihe cyo gupakira, gucukura imiyoboro, imiyoboro no gutobora inzira zamazi, gusuka no guterura nyuma yo guhindura ibikoresho byakazi
Muri rusange,umutwaro nubwoko bwimashini zubaka namabuye zikoreshwa cyane mumihanda, gari ya moshi, ubwubatsi, ingufu z'amashanyarazi, icyambu, ikirombe nindi mishinga yubwubatsi.Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gupakira amasuka yubutaka, umucanga, lime, amakara nibindi bikoresho byinshi.Irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mubikorwa byamasuka yoroheje no gucukura amabuye yubutaka nubutaka bukomeye.Irashobora kandi gukora bulldozing, guterura no gupakira no gupakurura ibindi bikoresho nkibiti muguhindura ibikoresho bitandukanye byubufasha.Mu mihanda, cyane cyane mu iyubakwa ry’imihanda yo mu rwego rwo hejuru, imizigo ikoreshwa mu kuzuza no gucukura inganda zo mu muhanda, guteranya no gupakira imvange ya asfalt hamwe na sima ya beto.Byongeye kandi, irashobora kandi gukora ibikorwa nko gusunika ubutaka, gusiba hasi no gukurura izindi mashini.Kuberako umutwaro afite ibyiza byo kwihuta gukora, gukora neza, kuyobora neza, no gukora byoroshye, byahindutse bumwe muburyo bwingenzi bwubaka isi mubwubatsi.
Byombi nibikorwa byubutaka, kandi indobo ya excavator (bakunze kwita imashini ifata) irashobora kujya munsi yumurongo utambitse.Indobo yumutwaro irashobora kuba hejuru yumurongo utambitse.Itandukaniro hagati yibi byombi nuko bafite imikoreshereze itandukanye kandi rimwe na rimwe irashobora gusimburana.Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwa buri.Mubihe bisanzwe, umubare munini wibikoresho ku ndege itambitse biremererwa kuri loader, ifite ubushobozi bwindobo nini, kugenda byoroshye, gukora ibintu byinshi hamwe nubukungu bwiza.Nyamara, imirimo yo gupakira no gucukura munsi yurwego birashobora gukorwa gusa na moteri.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-18-2022
